The Ministry of Finance has formalized the 2027 carbon market calendar, setting specific rules for aviation and outlining future hydrogen regulations.
The federal government has taken a decisive step toward embedding environmental priorities in the productive sector. The Extraordinary Secretariat for the Carbon Market at the Ministry of Finance has established the implementation schedule for Brazil’s regulated market, setting clear deadlines for corporate compliance.
Starting in 2027, large-scale industries will be required to monitor and report their greenhouse gas emissions. This marks the official launch of the Brazilian Emissions Trading System (SBCE), structuring the country’s sustainable transition.
Although initially discussed, civil aviation will not follow the general SBCE rules. The sector will have its own guidelines, managed by the National Civil Aviation Agency (Anac) and the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP).
Phases and Sectors Covered by the SBCE
The first phase of the program requires measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of emissions for companies emitting at least 10,000 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent per year. The initial impact will affect less than 1% of national CNPJs, focusing on high‑intensity production areas.
Industries affected at launch include integrated steelmaking, cement, oil and gas extraction, pulp, iron ore mining, and aluminum. After 2030, facilities with emissions above 25,000 tons annually will be subject to the formal limits of the National Allocation Plan.
“Over the next four years, the focus is on learning to measure and report GHG emissions in a standardized, methodologically rigorous way, recognizing that the country is on a learning curve. The productive sector can view the Ministry of Finance as a partner,”
According to the Extraordinary Secretariat for the Carbon Market, Cristina Reis, the initiative should act as a catalyst for economic modernization and technological development.
The government’s plan envisions a progressive expansion through 2029, covering the food industry, electric sector, refineries, and ceramics. Finally, by 2031, road, rail, and maritime transport will be integrated into the mechanism.
Aviation Fuel Regulation and Hydrogen
In the aviation sector, decarbonization will be achieved through the National Sustainable Aviation Fuel Program (ProBioQAV), linked to the Future Fuel Law. The legislation sets a gradual emission reduction target of 1% starting in January 2027 for domestic flights, using sustainable fuels (SAF).
To ensure the implementation of this target, the ANP opened a public consultation to regulate aspects such as traceability, certification, and marketing of sustainability credits. The final rules from the regulatory agencies must be completed by the end of 2026.
At the same time, the regulatory agency has accelerated its planning for the clean energy sector. The regulatory framework for certifying low‑carbon hydrogen has been advanced and is expected to be finalized by October 2027, providing legal certainty and attractiveness for new investments.
Defining these guidelines reinforces Brazil’s commitment to align productive growth with environmental responsibility. With clear dates, the market gains the necessary predictability to plan financial investments in clean technologies.
The coming years will be decisive for the industry to adapt its operational processes before the actual enforcement of the targets. Alignment between government agencies and the private sector will be the central pillar for the country’s energy transition success.